Understanding Phase Contrast MR Angiography by Joseph Suresh Paul & Subha GR

Author:Joseph Suresh Paul & Subha GR
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Springer International Publishing, Cham

(3.22)

Similar to the PD approach, noise variance is large at locations where original signal intensities are low in the static image.

3.5.3 Balanced Four Point Method

In this method, the flow encoding first moments are altered in pairs [20–22]. The data acquired with the first sequence is interpreted as a phase reference. For the second sequence, gradient first moment along and directions are altered by . The resultant image can be represented in terms of the reference image as

(3.23)

where and . For third and fourth sequences, the moments along and and and directions are also altered by ΔM 1. In similar lines to (3.26), the images from the third and fourth sequences can be represented as

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